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ZnO nanorefrigerant in R152a refrigeration system for energy conservation and green environment

D. SENDIL KUMAR,R. ELANSEZHIAN

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第9卷 第1期   页码 75-80 doi: 10.1007/s11465-014-0285-y

摘要：

In this paper the reliability and performance of a vapour compression refrigeration system with ZnO nanoparticles in the working fluid was investigated experimentally. Nanorefrigerant was synthesized on the basis of the concept of the nanofluids, which was prepared by mixing ZnO nanoparticles with R152a refrigerant. The conventional refrigerant R134a has a global warming potential (GWP) of 1300 whereas R152a has a significant reduced value of GWP of 140 only. An experimental test rig is designed and fabricated indigenously in the laboratory to carry out the investigations. ZnO nanoparticles with refrigerant mixture were used in HFC R152a refrigeration system. The system performance with nanoparticles was then investigated. The concentration of nano ZnO ranges in the order of 0.1% v, 0.3% v and 0.5%v with particle size of 50 nm and 150 g of R152a was charged and tests were conducted. The compressor suction pressure, discharge pressure and evaporator temperature were measured. The results indicated that ZnO nanorefrigerant works normally and safely in the system. The ZnO nanoparticle concentration is an important factor considered for heat transfer enhancement in the refrigeration system. The performance of the system was significantly improved with 21% less energy consumption when 0.5%v ZnO-R152a refrigerant. Both the suction pressure and discharge pressure were lowered by 10.5% when nanorefrigerant was used. The evaporator temperature was reduced by 6% with the use of nanorefrigerant. Hence ZnO nanoparticles could be used in refrigeration system to considerably reduce energy consumption. The usage of R152a with zero ozone depleting potential (ODP) and very less GWP and thus provides a green and clean environment. The complete experimental results and their analysis are reported in the main paper.

关键词： ZnO nanorefrigerant     reduced GWP     COP     pressure ratio green energy    

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Preparation of Cu/ZnO/Al

Hui FAN, Huayan ZHENG, Zhong LI

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第4期   页码 445-451 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0521-x

摘要： Cu/ZnO/Al O catalysts with Cu/Zn/Al ratios of 6/3/1 were precipitated and aged by conventional and microwave heating methods and tested in the slurry phase reactor for methanol synthesis. The effect of technological condition of precipitation and aging process under microwave irradiation on the catalytic performance was investigated to optimize the preparing condition of Cu/ZnO/Al O catalyst. The results showed that the microwave irradiation during precipitation process could improve the activity of the catalyst, but had little effect on the stability. While the microwave irradiation during aging process has a great benefit to both the activity and stability of the catalyst, the catalyst aged at 80°C for 1 h under microwave irradiation possessed higher methanol space time yield (STY) and more stable catalytic activity. The activity and stability of the catalyst was further enhanced when microwave irradiation was used in both precipitation and aging processes; the optimized condition for the catalyst precursor preparation was precipitation at 60°C and aging at 80°C under microwave irradiation.

关键词： microwave irradiation     precipitation temperature     aging temperature     methanol synthesis     Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst    

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Photocatalytic activity of ZnO films with micro-grid structure

Chunzhi LI , Wenwen WANG , Junying ZHANG , Hailing ZHU , Weiwei ZHANG , Tianmin WANG ,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第3期   页码 289-293 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0034-3

摘要： A layer of zinc oxide (ZnO) micro-grid was deposited on the surface of ZnO film using the DC reactive magnetron sputtering method and the micro-sphere lithography technique on glass substrates. Samples of this layer were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and ultraviolet-visible light spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction showed the high crystallinity of ZnO film and the regular arrangement of the micro-grid. The micro-grid ZnO has a lower specular reflection and a higher diffuse reflection, allowing incident light to reflect two or three times to enhance the usage of light. Photocatalytic degradation experiments on methylene blue using both ZnO micro-grid and ordinary film showed that the ZnO micro-grid has better photocatalytic properties than ordinary film. The ZnO micro-grid enhanced the photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO film by 28% with a degradation time of 300min.

关键词： Photocatalysis     ZnO micro-grid     polystyrene latex spheres template     diffuse reflection    

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A simple and cheap method for preparation of coupled ZrO2/ZnO with high photocatalytic activities

WANG Zheng, ZHANG Bingru, LI Fengting

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第4期   页码 454-458 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0072-7

摘要： The objective of this study was to prepare a new photocatalyst with high activities for degradation of organic pollutants. Coupled ZrO/ZnO photocatalyst was prepared with a simple precipitation method with cheap raw

关键词： objective     ZrO/ZnO photocatalyst     photocatalyst     precipitation     degradation    

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Cystine-assisted accumulation of gold nanoparticles on ZnO to construct a sensitive surface-enhanced

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第1期   页码 15-23 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2177-8

摘要： Recently, various semiconductor/metal composites have been developed to fabricate surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates. However, low metal loading on semiconductors is still a challenge. In this study, cystine was introduced to increase the accumulation of gold nanoparticles on zinc oxide, owing to the biomineralization property of cystine. Morphological analysis revealed that the obtained ZnO/Au/cystine composite not only had a higher metal loading but also formed a porous structure, which is beneficial for Raman performance. Compared with ZnO/Au, the ZnO/Au/cystine substrate displayed a 40-fold enhancement in the Raman signal and a lower limit of detection (10–11 mol·L−1) in the detection of rhodamine 6G. Moreover, the substrate has favorable homogeneity and stability. Finally, ZnO/Au/cystine displayed excellent performance toward crystal violet and methylene blue in a test based on river water samples. This study provided a promising method to fabricate sensitive semiconductor/noble metal-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates for Raman detection.

关键词： biomineralization     cystine     semiconductor/metal composite     SERS detection     Raman detection    

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Reconstruction of Cu–ZnO catalyst by organic acid and deactivation mechanism in liquid-phase hydrogenation

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第9期   页码 1311-1319 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2281-9

摘要： A reconstructed Cu–ZnO catalyst with improved stability was fabricated by organic acid treatment method for the liquid-phase hydrogenation of dimethyl succinate to 1,4-butanediol. According to the characterization results of the fresh Cu–ZnO and reconstructed Cu–ZnO, three different forms of ZnO were suggested to be presented on the catalysts: ZnO having strong interaction with Cu species, ZnO that weakly interacted with Cu species and isolated ZnO. The first form of ZnO was believed to be beneficial to the formation of efficient active site Cu+, while the latter two forms of ZnO took the main responsibility for the deactivation of Cu–ZnO catalysts in the liquid-phase hydrogenation of diesters. The reconstruction of the Cu–ZnO catalyst by the organic acid treatment method resulted in a new Cu–ZnO catalyst with more Cu+ and less ZnO species that leads to deactivation. Furthermore, the deactivation mechanism of Cu–ZnO catalysts in liquid-phase diester hydrogenation in continuous flow system was proposed: the deposition of the polyesters on the catalysts via transesterification catalyzed by weakly interacted ZnO and isolated ZnO leads to the deactivation. These results provided meaningful instructions for designing highly efficient Cu–Zn catalysts for similar ester hydrogenation systems.

关键词： liquid phase     hydrogenation     Cu–ZnO     deactivation mechanism     1     4-butanediol     diester    

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Reactive adsorption desulfurization over a Ni/ZnO adsorbent prepared by homogeneous precipitation

Aihua KONG, Yanyu WEI, Yonghong LI

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第2期   页码 170-176 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1322-9

摘要： A high-performance Ni/ZnO adsorbent was prepared by homogeneous precipitation using urea hydrolysis and characterized by N adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The adsorbent was applied to the deep desulfurization of gasoline and showed a high breakthrough sulfur capacity and a remarkably high volume hourly space velocity. The effects of coexisting olefins in gasoline as well as adsorptive conditions on the adsorptive performance were examined. It was found that olefins in gasoline had a slightly inhibiting effect on the desulfurization performance of the adsorbent. The optimum conditions were 673 K, 1.0 Mpa with a volume hourly space velocity of 60 h . Under the optimum conditions, ultralow sulfur gasoline could be produced and the breakthrough sulfur capacity of the adsorbent was 360 mg-s/g-sorb for the model gasoline.

关键词： nickel     reactive adsorption     desulfurization     thiophene    

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Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange using ZnO/TiO composites

Ming GE , Changsheng GUO , Xingwang ZHU , Lili MA , Wei HU , Yuqiu WANG , Zhenan HAN ,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第3期   页码 271-280 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0035-2

摘要： ZnO/TiO composites were synthesized by using the solvothermal method and ultrasonic precipitation followed by heat treatment in order to investigate their photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) in aqueous suspension under UV irradiation. The composition and surface structure of the catalyst were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The degradation efficiencies of MO at various pH values were obtained. The highest degradation efficiencies were obtained before 30min and after 60min at pH 11.0 and pH 2.0, respectively. A sample analysis was conducted using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization ion-trap mass spectrometry. Six intermediates were found during the photocatalytic degradation process of quinonoid MO. The degradation pathway of quinonoid MO was also proposed.

关键词： photocatalytic degradation     methyl orange     ZnO/TiO2 composites     high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS)    

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Preparation and characterization of ZnO/ZnS hybrid photocatalysts via microwave-hydrothermal method

ZHAO Jinglian, WANG Xinping, ZHAO Liang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第4期   页码 415-420 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0056-2

摘要： The photocatalytic performance of ZnO/ZnS hybrid nanocomposite was largely higher than that of the mere ZnO or ZnS nanoparticles, but the complicated procedure and misdistribution of final products limited its large-scale productions. The exploration of a novel synthesis route of ZnO/ZnS hybrid photocatalysts with high catalytic performance is becoming a crucial step for the large-scale application of ZnO/ZnS hybrid photocatalytic technique. Preparation and characterization of nanosized ZnO/ZnS hybrid photocatalysts were studied in this paper. The photocatalysts were obtained via microwave-hydrothermal crystallization with the help of sodium citrate. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), particle size distribution (PSD), and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results indicated that so-synthesized ZnO/ZnS samples consisted of the high pure cubic (sphalerite) ZnS and hexagonal ZnO nanocrystallines with a narrow particle size distribution. The possible formation mechanisms of ZnO/ZnS nanocrystallines were mainly attributed to the superficially protective effect of citrate. The photocatalytic experiments demonstrated that the ZnO/ZnS photocatalysts exhibited a higher catalytic activity for the degradation of acid fuchsine than other monocomponents.

关键词： large-scale     hexagonal     misdistribution     characterization     nanocomposite    

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Response of bioaerosol cells to photocatalytic inactivation with ZnO and TiO impregnated onto Perlite

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1335-9

摘要：

•ZnO/Perlite inactivated 72% of bioaerosols in continuous gas phase.

关键词： Immobilized catalysts     Continuous flow     Photocatalysis     Bioaerosols     Cytotoxicity     Inactivation mechanism    

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Preparation and photocatalytic kinetics of nano-ZnO powders by precipitation stripping process

ZHANG Dongxiang, XUE Min, XU Hang, XU Wenguo, TARASOV V

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第3期   页码 319-324 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0051-y

摘要： Ultra-fine zinc oxalate powders were prepared through a precipitation stripping method with bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (HDEHP) diluted by tetrachloride carbon as the extractant, and oxalic acid ethanol aqueous solution as the re-extractant and precipitator. Zinc oxide powders were obtained by decomposing zinc oxalate powders at 450°C. The prepared zinc oxide powders were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Thermogravimetric analysis (TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transmission infrared (FT-IR) spectrum. The photocatalytic performance of methylene blue by zinc oxide was studied based on the Langmuir model and Photo-Layer model. The results show that some zinc oxide powders were micro-multipore materials with hexagonal crystal. The particle size was around 32 nm. The photocatalytic process was the control step in the chemical reaction. The photo catalytic process followed pseudo-first order kinetics and •OH concentration inside the photo-layer in different reaction condition were calculated according to the Photo-Layer model.

关键词： 2-ethylhexyl     micro-multipore     Photo-Layer     hexagonal     methylene    

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Functional flax fiber with UV-induced switchable wettability for multipurpose oil-water separation

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第12期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1588-6

摘要：

● A PAA-ZnO-HDTMS flax fiber with UV-induced switchable wettability was developed.

关键词： Flax fiber     Switchable wettability     ZnO-HDTMS coating     Oil-water separation    

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Effective and selective separation of perrhenate from acidic wastewater by super-stable, superhydrophobic, and recyclable biosorbent

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1456-9

摘要：

• A ZnO-biochar hybrid composite was prepared by solvothermal-pyrolysis synthesis.

关键词： Selectivity     Adsorption     Re(VII)     ZnO     Biochar    

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Application and mechanism of polysaccharide extracted from Enteromorpha to remove nano-ZnO and humic

Jianzhang Sun, Baoyu Gao, Yuanxia Luo, Moxi Xue, Xing Xu, Qinyan Yue, Yan Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1029-8

摘要： Enteromorpha polysaccharide (Ep) extracted from alga a novel green coagulant aid for nanoparticles (NPs) and heavy metal ions removal and the structure of EP was intensively studied in this study. The integration of Ep with polyaluminum chloride (PAC-Ep) coagulants exhibited higher coagulation performance than that of the polyaluminum chloride (PAC) because of the negatively charged NPs suspension and humic aid (HA) solution. Significant high removal efficiencies of dissolved organic matter (94.1%), turbidity (99.3%) and Zn ions (69.3%) were achieved by the PAC-Ep coagulants. The dual-coagulation properties of PAC-Ep for different pollutants was based on multiple mechanisms, including (i) Al charge neutralization; (ii) hydroxy aluminum hydroxyl bridging formed polynuclearhydroxy complexes bridge and sweep colloidal particles; (iii) adsorption and bridging of Ep chain for the NPs and heavy metal ions. Results indicated that the destabilization of colloid was induced by the coexisting HA and higher removal was achieved as ions adsorption was enhance in the presence of HA complexation. On the basis of that, the extraction of polysaccharide is a promising candidate for its high coagulation performance in water treatment.

关键词： Algal Extraction     Enteromorpha polysaccharide     1H-13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)     Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)     X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)     Coagulation mechanism.    

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MOF-5@Ni衍生的ZnO@Ni3ZnC0.7/PMS体系用于有机物去除——对吸附-降解过程的深入理解 Article

帅又文, 黄雪, 张本银, 项璐, 徐浩, 叶倩, 鲁金凤, 张静

《工程（英文）》 2023年 第24卷 第5期   页码 254-264 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.08.029

摘要： 本研究以金属有机框架材料（MOF）-5 为前驱体，通过添加镍离子并随后煅烧制备了一种稳定、可循环利用的材料ZnO@Ni3ZnC0.7，该材料表现出良好的吸附和催化性能

关键词： MOF基催化剂     过一硫酸盐     吸附     自由基     非自由基    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

ZnO nanorefrigerant in R152a refrigeration system for energy conservation and green environment

D. SENDIL KUMAR,R. ELANSEZHIAN

期刊论文

Preparation of Cu/ZnO/Al

Hui FAN, Huayan ZHENG, Zhong LI

期刊论文

Photocatalytic activity of ZnO films with micro-grid structure

Chunzhi LI , Wenwen WANG , Junying ZHANG , Hailing ZHU , Weiwei ZHANG , Tianmin WANG ,

期刊论文

A simple and cheap method for preparation of coupled ZrO2/ZnO with high photocatalytic activities

WANG Zheng, ZHANG Bingru, LI Fengting

期刊论文

Cystine-assisted accumulation of gold nanoparticles on ZnO to construct a sensitive surface-enhanced

期刊论文

Reconstruction of Cu–ZnO catalyst by organic acid and deactivation mechanism in liquid-phase hydrogenation

期刊论文

Reactive adsorption desulfurization over a Ni/ZnO adsorbent prepared by homogeneous precipitation

Aihua KONG, Yanyu WEI, Yonghong LI

期刊论文

Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange using ZnO/TiO composites

Ming GE , Changsheng GUO , Xingwang ZHU , Lili MA , Wei HU , Yuqiu WANG , Zhenan HAN ,

期刊论文

Preparation and characterization of ZnO/ZnS hybrid photocatalysts via microwave-hydrothermal method

ZHAO Jinglian, WANG Xinping, ZHAO Liang

期刊论文

Response of bioaerosol cells to photocatalytic inactivation with ZnO and TiO impregnated onto Perlite

期刊论文

Preparation and photocatalytic kinetics of nano-ZnO powders by precipitation stripping process

ZHANG Dongxiang, XUE Min, XU Hang, XU Wenguo, TARASOV V

期刊论文

Functional flax fiber with UV-induced switchable wettability for multipurpose oil-water separation

期刊论文

Effective and selective separation of perrhenate from acidic wastewater by super-stable, superhydrophobic, and recyclable biosorbent

期刊论文

Application and mechanism of polysaccharide extracted from Enteromorpha to remove nano-ZnO and humic

Jianzhang Sun, Baoyu Gao, Yuanxia Luo, Moxi Xue, Xing Xu, Qinyan Yue, Yan Wang

期刊论文

MOF-5@Ni衍生的ZnO@Ni3ZnC0.7/PMS体系用于有机物去除——对吸附-降解过程的深入理解

帅又文, 黄雪, 张本银, 项璐, 徐浩, 叶倩, 鲁金凤, 张静

期刊论文